Love in the Brain Essay -- Psychology Psychological Neurological Paper

Love in the Brain Does brain equal behavior? Some people have argued that they have difficulty saying it does because they find it hard to believe that our individual, tangible brain controls emotions that many consider to be intangible, such as being in love. This paper will discuss the role that the brain actually plays in love- why we are attracted to certain people, why we feel the way we do when we are around them, and whether or not this is enough to say that in the case of love, brain does equal behavior. The first stage of romantic love begins with attraction. Whether you have been best friends for a long time or you just met the person, you begin your romantic relationship when there is that feeling of attraction. But why are we attracted to some people and not to others? Some research and experimentation suggests that pheromones play a role in attraction ((1), (2), (3), (4)). Although the existence of pheromones in humans and the method by which individuals detect them is still under debate and requires further research, a study by Stern and McClintock on pheromones in women's underarm secretion gives the most solid evidence for the existence of human pheromones ((5)). It has been hypothesized that the brain detects these pheromones through an organ known as the vomeronasal organ (VNO), by receptors, or by the terminal nerve in the nostrils ((5)). Despite the fact that pheromones and how they are detected in humans is controversial, it has been suggested that selectivity for c ertain pheromones might explain why we are only attracted to certain people ((6)). Research agrees, however, that whether or not pheromones exist, they are not the only reason we are attracted to an individual. Other facto... ...at's in a name? Bioscience. July 1998: 505-511. 6) Love Chemistry: New studies analyze love's effects http://abcnews.go.com/sections/science/DailyNews/love000707.html 7) Mating and Temperament http://keirsey.com/pygmalion/couples.html 8) What is chemistry and chemicals in love relationships http://www.cyberparent.com/love/chem1.htm 9) Chemicals http://dubinserver.colorado.edu/prj/swef02/references.html 10) Love in the Brain http://www.sensualism.com/love/ 11) BBC News- Health- How the brain registers love http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/820857.stm 12) My search for love and wisdom in the brain by Marian Diamond http://www.newhorizons.org/neuro/diamond_wisdom.htm 13) Bower, Bruce. Brain faces up to fear, social signs. Science News. Dec 1994: 406. 14) Biology of Love http://www.primal.es/primal/books/janov/biologyoflove.htm Love in the Brain Essay -- Psychology Psychological Neurological Paper Love in the Brain Does brain equal behavior? Some people have argued that they have difficulty saying it does because they find it hard to believe that our individual, tangible brain controls emotions that many consider to be intangible, such as being in love. This paper will discuss the role that the brain actually plays in love- why we are attracted to certain people, why we feel the way we do when we are around them, and whether or not this is enough to say that in the case of love, brain does equal behavior. The first stage of romantic love begins with attraction. Whether you have been best friends for a long time or you just met the person, you begin your romantic relationship when there is that feeling of attraction. But why are we attracted to some people and not to others? Some research and experimentation suggests that pheromones play a role in attraction ((1), (2), (3), (4)). Although the existence of pheromones in humans and the method by which individuals detect them is still under debate and requires further research, a study by Stern and McClintock on pheromones in women's underarm secretion gives the most solid evidence for the existence of human pheromones ((5)). It has been hypothesized that the brain detects these pheromones through an organ known as the vomeronasal organ (VNO), by receptors, or by the terminal nerve in the nostrils ((5)). Despite the fact that pheromones and how they are detected in humans is controversial, it has been suggested that selectivity for c ertain pheromones might explain why we are only attracted to certain people ((6)). Research agrees, however, that whether or not pheromones exist, they are not the only reason we are attracted to an individual. Other facto... ...at's in a name? Bioscience. July 1998: 505-511. 6) Love Chemistry: New studies analyze love's effects http://abcnews.go.com/sections/science/DailyNews/love000707.html 7) Mating and Temperament http://keirsey.com/pygmalion/couples.html 8) What is chemistry and chemicals in love relationships http://www.cyberparent.com/love/chem1.htm 9) Chemicals http://dubinserver.colorado.edu/prj/swef02/references.html 10) Love in the Brain http://www.sensualism.com/love/ 11) BBC News- Health- How the brain registers love http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/820857.stm 12) My search for love and wisdom in the brain by Marian Diamond http://www.newhorizons.org/neuro/diamond_wisdom.htm 13) Bower, Bruce. Brain faces up to fear, social signs. Science News. Dec 1994: 406. 14) Biology of Love http://www.primal.es/primal/books/janov/biologyoflove.htm

Computers in Medical Field Essay

A computer has become an essential commodity in every hospital. Everything is computerized today, from open heart surgeries to X-rays to various clinical tests. Everything is carried out efficiently and effectively by the computer. There are many advantages of computers that make it a must have by every medical professional. This article tells you about the use of computers in the medicine that would help you understand the wide array of computer applications used across the medicinal practice. Computers in the Medical Office There are various uses of computer in medical field as it plays a vital role in every medical office. It contributes a lot to the hospital administration where all the administrative processes are computerized. For example, staff records, recording incoming and outgoing time of the staff, the holiday records of the staff, etc. It is difficult to keep track of such things manually but with the help of computers, the task is simplified and is less time-consuming. In most of the offices, accounting is also computerized that helps you keep the daily record of the financial transactions of the office. It also reduces the chances of money related frauds as all the data is stored properly that can be used for future reference. Computer also helps in recording the names and contact details of the doctors and associated people. It is useful when it comes to recording the medical history of the patient, such as, previous treatments, tests, diagnosis, and symptoms, etc. Such information comes handy for the doctor in case of emergencies and when a new treatment is to be designed. The patients can also avail to computer counseling with the help of computers. Today, the bills are computer generated and hence, the chances of miscalculation are less. Apart from this, to avail the online transaction facilities computer is essential. Use of Computers in Medicine Use of computers is also associated with the research and inventions in health sector. Various research studies are carried out with the help of various applications in the computer. For example, studying certain cells, micro organisms, bacteria, etc., is easily possible with computer. It helps you save all the related information that you can refer to, whenever required. One can also create electronic presentations of certain diseases or treatments that are useful to understand by the junior or trainee doctors so that they can prepare themselves for small and uncomplicated operations by taking guidance from senior doctors via web conferencing. In seminars and paper presentations on the health related topics, computerized presentations create more impact on the audience. It also helps the audience understand the issues well. With the help of computer networking, doctors across the world can communicate with each other about new inventions and unique health conditions, etc. All the countries are conducting research studies and this information can be mutually shared by the medical fraternity with the help of computers and internet technology. The computer makes the world smaller and brings people together. Uses of Computers in Hospitals Computers are widely used in all the hospitals for numerous purposes apart from administration, accounting, billing, and appointments. It literally helps doctors in performing various surgeries, especially laparoscopic surgeries are possible because of computers where doctors insert the medical tools and small camera and conduct an operation with the help of computers and monitors. Many high tech surgical machines and instruments are endowed with small computer systems so that every surgical process is recorded and monitored to avoid complications. Many clinical imaging processes are conducted and examined with the help of computers, such as X-ray and CT scan, etc. Computers also play a vital role in conducting various clinical and biological laboratory tests in hospitals that help in correct diagnosis of the disease. Many critical patients, whose heart rate, pulse rate, and brain readings, etc., need be recorded and monitored continuously, are observed through computers. Its virtually impossible for humans to note down every movement of the internal organs of the patients but computers do it with ease. Importance of computers in medicine has grown so much that many patients who need to be provided with life support system are also governed by the special computerized system only. Such is the impact of computers on a medical practice.

Louis Armstrong Research Paper - 3031 Words

Many people knew Louis Armstrong as the â€Å"first real genius of jazz†(Shipton 26). He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana on August 4, 1901. Louis was the illegitimate son of William Armstrong and Mary Est â€Å"Mayann† Albert. He was abandoned by his father, a boiler stoker, shortly after his birth and was raised by his paternal grandmother. Then, at the age of five, he was returned to the care of his mother, who at the time worked as a laundress. Together with his mom, they moved to a better area of New Orleans. This is where Armstrong first fell in love with music; he would listen to people playing any chance that he would get(Tirro). He would attend parades, funerals, churches and go to cheap cabarets to be able to hear some of the greats play†¦show more content†¦This was a hard move for Armstrong because he did not want to leave his hometown of New Orleans, but he knew it was a move he needed to make(Tirro). He made his first ever recording with Oliverà ¢â‚¬â„¢s band in 1923 under the Gennett Label. Though, in 1924, Armstrong was given the opportunity to move to New York City. He did not want to make the move, but his wife convinced him it was best for his career, and he went. In New York, Armstrong was the third cornet in Fletcher Henderson’s band(â€Å"Louis Daniel Armstrong†). While performing in Henderson’s band, Armstrong made many more recordings, and was lucky enough to work with some famous jazz singers and instrumentalists; Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, Alberta Hunter, and Sidney Bechet. But Armstrong became unhappy with the band because he was given few opportunities to solo and was rarely allowed to sing, which forced him away from Henderson’s band(Cogswell 18). Though he was only in New York for a year, this trip helped his talent become more nationally recognized. He built confidence, learned about showmanship, and improved his ability to read music(â€Å"Louis Daniel Armstrong†). Everybod y in New York fell in love with him because not only was he a great musician, but his humor brought so much more to the performance(Shipton 26). He then returned to Chicago where he was given a spot in his wife’s band as the first chair cornet, his first time inShow MoreRelatedBessie Smith : An American Jazz Musician Essay1437 Words   |  6 Pages1930s. Bessie attributes her success, by working continuously with Louis Armstrong. Research indicates that Louis was a key inspiration when it comes to the perfection of jazz vocals. In her time, Bessie Smith proudly boasts as one of the best Blues musicians both in the US and the world as a whole. However, her life was cut short in 1937 on September 26th, in a fatal car accident. Regarding the above-mentioned information, this paper discusses more the life of Bessie Smith, collectively with the dominanceRead MoreEarly Jazz Influences On The 1965 Recording Of Feelin Good Recorded By Cy Grant Featuring Bill1830 Words   |  8 PagesIn this paper, I am going to discuss the early jazz influences on the 1965 recording of ‘Feelin’ good’, recorded by Cy Grant featuring Bill LeSage. I will also be looking at the origins of jazz music, and how this genre has shaped the music that we still listen to today. Most notably, I will be looking at jazz music from the early 20th century to the mid-20th century by discussing the different styles of jazz that were derived from certain parts of America. For each of these sections I will selectRead MoreJazz Influence On America.3049 Words   |  13 PagesResearch Paper: Jazz influence on America Jazz is a genre of music that was first developed by African American within their communities around the late 19th to early 20th century in the United States. Since then, Jazz has gained a lot of respect and grown into a classic. The genre is now well known in music history and has experienced a mass musical development throughout the decades. Jazz was established and evolved alongside such musical categories as blues and popular music, but what changedRead MoreHeat Dehydration And Heat Related Emergencies1578 Words   |  7 Pagesemergencies has helped to reduced incidences of heat stroke, but current research has also found new ways to treat heat stroke and prevent complications associated with heat-related emergencies. With this advent of new treatments outlooks for those suffering from heat stroke have improved, however the best treatment is still early identification and prevention of heat-related emergencies. Objectives The objectives for this paper and the subsequent presentation are to define heat exhaustion and heat-relatedRead MoreThe Core Principles Of Marketing Theory1976 Words   |  8 PagesThis correlates to segmentation, targeting and positioning, as no marketing organisation can successfully meet the demands of the entire market, as it faces ambitious competitors that may make the new product innovation of the company short-lived. (Armstrong et al, p.498) Perceived Differentiation in relation to Branding â€Å"Brand positioning strategies are aimed at creating differentiation or a unique brand image (Kapferer, 2008). The concepts of customer-based brand equity (Keller, 1993) and of brandRead MoreThe New Negro Movement, By Zora Neale Hurston1720 Words   |  7 Pagescolors in his paintings reflected African Americans in a sophisticated manner, breaking down the negative typical stereotypes. The melodies of music legend Billy Holiday paved the way for manipulating phrasing and tempo of Jazz music. In this research paper I will go more in depth about the Harlem Renaissances. I m going to cover the significance of then and now, how it begun after World War 1,who were the influential people during that time period, literature/poetry, the Jazz Age, art, and howRead MoreA New Beginning Ana Arriola Essay2304 Words   |  10 Pageselement of musical expression, and ensembles composed entirely of percussion instruments created extended polyrhythmic works. These polyrhythms, which means the â€Å"layering of multiple rhythms.†, were record in Western music. African music did not use paper, or sheet music. Instead, they relied on Aural rituals, learned by ear and also used† spontaneity, which is later said to be known as improvisation†. In Africa, most of the music that was expressed was for religious purposes called Spirituals. TheRead MoreOF MICE AND MEN ESSAY Libre2222 Words   |  9 PagesOf Mice And Men Essay Of mice and men essay State of California. essay writers salt lake city research paper writing chattanooga buy college ruled paper. Of mice and men essay Metis-sur-Mer of mice and men essay Columbus, Leicestershire, Palmdale, Bakersfield of mice and men essay san antonio write essay for me, of mice and men essay Alexandria uploading essay to common app, Chester of mice and men essay Norfolk geometry and algebra 1 formula sheet Of mice and men essay State of Rhode Island andRead MoreThe Assault Of Sexually Assault Female Inmates2206 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction It was very common that women are being raped by jail guards in the United States. (Armstrong, 2013). Some you may hear about, most you will never hear about, because of the lack of media coverage (Armstrong, 2013). This paper will reflect on how jail guards have the access to sexually assault female inmates every day. This paper will also reflect on where the sexual assault may occur, when the sexual assault may occur, and the vulnerability of the environment in the jails where sexualRead MoreEssay on Booker T. Washington2149 Words   |  9 Pagesbits of paper scattered around the house or on the streets that I didnt want to pick up at once. Washington worked for Ruffiner for over a year and a half until he was accepted at the Hampton Institute. The Hampton Institute was set up to educate African-Americans after the Civil War. At the Hampton Institute Washington worked as the janitor to support himself, pay his tuition and his room and board. While at the institute Washington meets a man by the name of General Armstrong. Armstrong

The Impact Of Beatles On American Pop Culture - 1698 Words

The 1960s were times of revolution and change among society in America. The main aspect of this decade was social change. This social change was due in large part to up and coming artists such as The Beatles. The impact The Beatles had on society and society’s standards in the 1960s was so massive that their influences would last long into the future, even after the breakup of the band. The strides not only being made in music but in the culture of America were ones that would last for decades. Even today, 46 years after the breakup, the Beatles legacy is still kept alive through tributes and record sales are still skyrocketing. The Beatles were the most influential band of all time due to their immense impact on American pop culture, the lasting effect they had on the way music is made and produced, and the inspiration they provided to artists of the 20th and 21st century. The impact The Beatles had on American pop culture in the 60s set the tone for many decades to come. The Beatles were creative pioneers in their own right, and paved the way for many musical artists in the current day and age. Their increasing popularity brought forth â€Å"Beatlemania† and as a result, created a type of brand that would be eaten up by America’s youth. In the Beatles’ authorized biography by Hunter Davies, we are shown the multitude of ways that people believe the Beatles have shaped society and societies standards. Davies states, â€Å"Manufacturers all over the country were by December 1963Show MoreRelatedPopular Culture of the 1960s Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesPopular Culture of the 1960s Popular culture changed a lot during the end of the fifties and the beginning of the sixties as during the fifties the average weekly wage of an employed adult doubled. This meant that people had more money in there pocket for leisure spending. More people had cars and could take day trips to the coast and the doubled wages meant people could take week or two week holidays during the year. The invention of the television was an overnightRead MoreMusic Of The 60s Help Shape Modern Australian Society1259 Words   |  6 Pagesthe ideas.† This was pronounced by Bob Dylan, a folk musician of the sixties: an era in which the music heavily influenced the culture of the time and continues to influence the music and culture today. The music and artists of the 60s influenced radio and television, the music, fashion and lifestyles of the people, particularly youth, heavily influenced the popular culture Australia, USA, Britain and other Western Countries. The music of the â€Å"swinging 60s†especially influenced the lives of many teenagersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Outsiders 906 Words   |  4 Pagesof Tulsa (Hinton). The book made a huge impact. The book sold more than 14 million copies, and it’s the number one selling young adult book in history (Hinton). She would become really popular, and she would be would be known as â€Å"The Voice of the Youth.† The book is about two gangs the Socs and the Greasers that have a different lifestyle. The main character Ponyboy would have his life change forever, when something big will happen. The 1960s made an impact to The Outsiders. The book have historicalRead MoreThe Musical Influences On The Beatles : The Beatles1644 Words   |  7 Pages Cynthia Leon Music 12 Dr. Michael Zilber The Beatles The Beatles are an English rock band that became one of the most iconic bands in history. All four of the band members of the Beatles John Lennon, George Harrison, Paul McCartney and Ring Starr were born in Liverpool in the early 1940’s. During this time England was in the midst of WWII and they were deemed as â€Å"war babies†. The shambles that England was left in cultivated skiffle from the U.S. which was a form of music that made it fairly easyRead MoreThe Beatles: An Influence on Pop Culture1182 Words   |  5 Pagesother band that has influenced pop culture like the Beatles have, according the Rolling Stone website. The Beatles were an English rock band that performed in a city called Liverpool. The Beatle’s members consists of John Lennon, George Harrison, Ringo Starr, and Paul McCartney. There genres was rock and pop during the years they were active in 1960-1970. In the early 1960’s, they were known as Beatlemania instead of the Beatle’s but as their song writing grew in culture they came to be professed asRead MoreRock And Roll : Rock Roll1169 Words   |  5 Pagesits development in the early 20th century. The genre, defined â€Å"as a merger between rhythmblues and country† (Scaruffi, The History of Rock Music:1955-1966), started out more as an underground market, but ended up becoming a significant aspect of American popular music history. Rock-n-Roll music produce many legendary artists who will forever be known as innovators of the genre. Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry were some of the many artists in Rock-n-Roll who will always live on in their music. ManyRead MoreThe Beatles : My Personal Music Inspiration1597 Words   |  7 Pagesabout respect for a particular group, the list does narrow. With worthy points such as audience reach, culture change, and extent of a musical career, there is one particular group that impresses me the most. I find The Beatles to be most the influential to not only myself as a musician, but also, to many contemporary artists, as well as people not in the music business. Historical Outlook The Beatles emerged in the early 1960s. They were founded by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. The original lineRead MoreHow and Why Did American Popular Culture Influence Australian Society in the 1950s and 1960s? To What Extent Did Australia Develop its Own Response to these Influences?1595 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1950s and 1960s were times of unprecedented change, and Australian society was influenced greatly by American popular culture, through various mediums, such as: music, film, television and fashion. This especially affected teenagers. It will be explained how Australian society was impacted by American popular culture, and also why American popular culture had such an affect. Australian developed its own responses to these influences, and the extent of this will also be explored. The 1950s meantRead MoreDid the Impact of the Beatles Sgt Pepper Album Help Redefine Popular Music as a Culturally Significant Art Form?4164 Words   |  17 Pagesrise to hopes of progress in pop music (The Times, 29 May 1967) Did the impact of the Beatles Sgt Pepper album help redefine popular music as a culturally significant art form? Summary of Assignment Choose an artist from the period 1900-1970 and to examine their relationship to the cultural and social framework of their era with reference to an important or influential album. Introduction In this essay I will be critically analysing and evaluating ‘The Beatles’ Sgt. Peppers album in relationRead MoreEssay about 1968: A Year Of American Transformation1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn the duration of one year, 1968, the American national mood shifted from general confidence and optimism to chaotic confusion. Certainly the most turbulent twelve months of the post-WWII period and arguably one of the most disturbing episodes the country has endured since the Civil War, 1968 offers the world a glimpse into the tumultuous workings of a revolution. Although the entire epoch of the 1960s remains significant in US history, 1968 stands alone as the pivotal year of the decade; it

Virginia Shreves Character Traits - 1170 Words

Character Identification Virginia Shreves is the protagonist of this book. She has a body that is â€Å"larger-than-average† and lives by the so called Fat Girl Conduct. â€Å"Ginny† has a very low self esteem and doesn’t believe she is good enough for anything due to her being overweight. â€Å"Fat girls don’t get much action.† 1-[16] Virginia has a major crush on Froggy Welch the Fourth. She has the world’s most perfect family, she feels like the black sheep often. â€Å"Besides, it s a Shreves family policy to not talk about our dirty laundry—in public and usually not even in private. It s sort of like if you don t discuss it, it didn t happen.†2-[57] Anais Shreves is the sister of Virginia Shreves. Anais is beautiful and thin according to everyone†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I wanted to remind you that i’m planning to discuss your weight with the new doctor.† 5-[61]. Plot Summary Virginia Shreves, also known as â€Å"Ginny† is a self conscious sophomore who struggles with her weight. She has a love interest that she makes out with every monday, he is known as Froggy Welch the Fourth. â€Å"But Froggy and I don t score high on the communication front. Especially once we ve stuck our tongues into each other s mouths. I think it s because we re not boyfriend and girlfriend or even friends, for that matter.† 4-[9] She is so self conscious about her weight that she wears baggy clothing and never shows an ounce of skin. At first she didn’t know how to feel about Froggy, after all who could love the chubby girl who wears an extra large? Virginia’s mother, Dr. Phyllis Shreves is an adolescent psychologist; Phyllis has a problem with obsessing over Virginia’s weight. Virginia’s father is constantly complimenting the thin figures of woman which makes her feel unsatisfactory for not only herself but her whole family . â€Å"But I can t help wishing she d accept me the way I am. And I can t help wondering whether if I were thin, I d get invited to these fancy dinners as well.†6-[35]Virginia has a beautiful, thin older sister, otherwise known as Anais Shreves who is a rebellious individual.†It made sense at the time. But now it dawns on

It is never too late to give up our prejudices Free Essays

People have always been and always will be prejudiced. There are prejudices of all kinds. Some have prejudices about skin color or religion, others about nationality or sexuality or something else. We will write a custom essay sample on It is never too late to give up our prejudices or any similar topic only for you Order Now And other people are prejudiced about everything that they do not consider normal. Henry David Thoreau said: â€Å"It is never too late to give up our prejudices†. And for some people It Is true: they outgrow their prejudices and learn to be more unbiased. Then there are those who retain their prejudices all theirs life. People do not like to admit that they are wrong, so the latter are unfortunately the majority In our world. We can all agree that most prejudices are taught to us by our parents and the environment we grow up In. In the period of Nazism children In Germany and other Nan countries were taught from birth to hate Jews and Gypsies. It was the policy of government and It was dangerous to behave differently. Nowadays the majority of those people’s descendants do not have these prejudices. They have learnt from their forefathers’ mistakes and now are a lot more tolerate. Of course, there are still those who hate people of different nationality in different countries. There are still a lot of hate crimes, in which the victim is targeted because of his or her race, religion, sexuality and so on. While it is true that there are people so bigoted they can never let go of their prejudices, there are others who change theirs views and abandon their prejudiced ways. People are usually biased against things they have no idea about. So for them to let go of these prejudices they must learn about different things, get to know all kinds of people, make friends and try to see things from their point of view. Then they will be able to understand that different does not mean weird or freaky. Normality is overrated anyway. Everybody is deferent in one way or another. We are not robots after all to be the same. To be different, not like everybody else is wonderful. It does not make you a freak. Unfortunately people are afraid of those who are not like them and we usually hate something we fear. There was the UK Klux Klan in the USA. It was a secret organization of White Protestant Americans, mainly in the South, who used violence against Blacks, Jews, and other minority groups. They used to terrorize those they did not like. And these minority groups could very rarely find protection and Justice: if o were Black you had little to no rights. There are a lot films made and books written about this. Now the USA government proclaims tolerance: all people are equal under the law, have the same rights and responsibilities. Things change, people are too. It is the way of life. In my opinion, all people should be equal. We are all human beings at the end of the day. We all can and must learn to be as open- minded as possible. We must learn to live without hate and fear. These feelings nobody ever made happy. Therefore a life with no prejudices Is better than with them. Our prejudices†. And for some people it is true: they outgrow their prejudices and unfortunately the majority in our world. We can all agree that most prejudices are taught to us by our parents and the environment we grow up in. In the period of Nazism children in Germany and other Nazi countries were taught from birth to hate Jews and Gypsies. It was the policy of government and it was dangerous to behave different in one way or another. We are not robots after all to be the same. To be Unfortunately people are afraid of those who are not like them and we usually hate nobody ever made happy. Therefore a life with no prejudices is better than with How to cite It is never too late to give up our prejudices, Papers

Legacy of Crisis Stimulating Economic Growth †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Legacy of Crisis Stimulating Economic Growth. Answer: Introduction Continuous policy efforts in Ireland have contributed to a successful recovery from legacy of crisis stimulating economic growth. The welfare system of the nation proves extensive support in form of increased demand involving a sense of equality and this has made possible the necessary reform during this time. However, the nation currently suffered from an increased incidence of discourage workers that restricts long-term growth prospect. Different form of targeted benefit especially housing benefit lead to high rate of replacement (oecd.org 2018). Additionally, household living at the bottom line of income distribution faces a high marginal tax rate. This encourages them to substitute more work effort with leisure. The paper briefly discusses policies undertaken by the government to increase work effort and the effectiveness of such policies. Policies undertaken by the government to encourage workforce Recovery from shock is generally associated with an increase in employment and a corresponding fall in unemployment rate. However, in Ireland the unemployment rate has remained considerable high. The recovery gain would be realized well once it is spread across all groups of the society in form of an inclusive growth strategy (Haugh, Jin and Pandiella 2016). Some of the policies undertaken to achieve this goal include establishing a well-designed tax and welfare system, an efficient activation policy and encouraging a better education and skill enhancement policies. Design of tax and welfare system often plays an important role in determining labor-leisure choice of the workforce. The high rate of replacement or high marginal tax rate generally discourage work effort by reducing the reward of work effort. Solution to these problems have an inevitable trade-off between work disincentive effects, fiscal cost to government and social protection. The high replacement rate or higher marginal tax are reducing work effort in Ireland in favor of leisure. Evidences suggest that in Ireland, household belonging to low income groups faces a marginal tax rates as high as 60%. The government is required to reduce assistance in form of Family Income Supplement with an increase in income. It has been observed that if benefits of tax are complimented with an increase in FIS limit of income then this would result in a decline in disposable income from 1 to 6 (Haugh, Jin and Pandiella 2016). This provides greater work incentive even to low paid workers. However, reduction in FIS limit is associated with an increased pressure on government budget. A decline in withdrawal rate from 60 to 32% for a family having two children from EUE 602 to a higher level of EUR 865 is estimated to have an additional cost of EUR 200 million (oecd.org 2018). Efficient activation policy Establishing mutual obligation is one of the best way to increases participation in the labor market. This efficiently encourages workers to return to work without affecting the transfer system. In the early 2010s, a tight conditionality has been imposed on unemployment benefit through the project named Pathways to Work. Since then proportion of penalized beneficiaries have increased significantly. The policy included nearly a 25 percent reduction in benefits with a suspension for 9 weeks. There were approximately 9200 cases where unemployed persons refused to search for active jobs constituting 3 percent of the total unemployed (oecd.org 2018). Such policies can be more comprehensive is undertaken with some objectivity criteria such as wages, contract types, working hours, location and other attributes. Another factor responsible for smaller participation in work is the lack of required skills. Adults in Ireland are lagging behind other OECD nations in terms of literacy and numeracy skills (Haugh, Jin and Pandiella 2016). In order to address this issue, Ireland had launched Further Education and Training Strategy 2014-2019. This involves numeracy and literacy program through its Education and Training Board. This is expected to increase participation by enhancing skills. Voluntary Participation of Women Women roughly consists of nearly half of the population of any country and Ireland is no exception. Thus, one of the primary way of address to the situation of stagnated productivity and labour force participation rates of the country, could have been involvement of more numbers of women in the labour force (Blanchard, Jaumotte and Loungani 2013). As can be seen from the above figure, the gap between the percentages of participation of men and women in labour force in the country had been considerably high. Much of which can be attributed to the high child-rearing cost in the country which compelled the women to stay back and take care of their children. The policy taken by the country to revamp the family benefit schemes and the introduction of child care schemes in this context has proved to be considerably positive as the percentage of women in the labour force are slowly increasing. To increase the productivity of the economy of any country it is of utmost importance to boost up the industrial and commercial sectors, by bringing in new industries and boosting up the existing ones, for which sufficient amount of investment is required. For Ireland, not all the investments can be done by the government itself and thus, the country needs huge inflow of foreign investments, for which the economy needs to be attractive and prospective in the eyes of the foreign investors. The proposed policy of the government of maintaining low corporate tax rates and reduction of the barriers and stringent regulations of foreign investment inflow can be considered as one of the welcoming change on part of the government of the country as by reducing these barriers the economy is expected to make it appear to be more prospective as well as profitable for the foreign multinational and investors to venture into the country, thereby contributing to the growth of the productivity and att racting more labour force participation in the country. Providing the right kind of education: Especially to the immigrants One of the primary ways in which Ireland can increase their labour force participation rate as well as the overall productivity of the economy is by including the immigrants in the labour force and using their unique talents and capabilities, which can help the country to minimise the skill and productivity mismatches in the country. The policies taken by the governing authorities of the country, in this context, include the provision of skill intensive education to the residents including the immigrants as well as equal distribution of immigrants in all schools, thereby preventing the concentration of immigrants only in the disadvantageous schools (Blanchard, Jaumotte and Loungani 2013). The number of immigrants as well as low privileged residents dropping out of school early, the policy of the government also includes provision of vocational training which is expected to help these people in finding jobs. This has been found to be effective as more jobs are being created in the economy and the social inclusiveness and welfare of the immigrants are also increasing which are encouraging them to participate in economic activities, thereby contributing to the increased productivity of the country. Conclusion The policies which have been proposed as well as already implemented by the government of Ireland in order to increase the productivity and labour force dynamics also include measures like concentrating on innovations, encouraging new firms, bringing in sustainability apart from the ones mentioned above. These policies are seen to be having considerable effects on the employment and productivity scenario of the country, mostly positive. However, this assessment is based on the short run observation as it takes a prolonged period to see the net effects of the policies on an economy. Thus, the effects of these policies are expected to be subjected to prolonged time testing and influence of various other exogenous factors working within the economy. References Blanchard, O.J., Jaumotte, M.F. and Loungani, M.P., 2013.Labor market policies and IMF advice in advanced economies during the Great Recession. International Monetary Fund. Cso.ie (2018).Employment - CSO - Central Statistics Office. [online] Cso.ie. Available at: https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-wamii/womenandmeninireland2013/employmentlist/employment/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2018]. Haugh, D., Jin, Y. and Pandiella, A.G., 2016. Growing together: Towards a more inclusive Ireland.OECD Economic Department Working Papers, (1293), p.0_1. Oecd.org. (2018).OECD Economic Surveys Ireland. [online] Available at: https://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Ireland-2015-overview.pdf [Accessed 30 Mar. 2018].